: Innovation ecosystems have emerged as fundamental constructs in understanding how knowledge, technology, and resources coalesce to create competitive advantages in a globalized economy. International collaboration functions as a key driver of ecosystem dynamism by enabling cross-border flows of ideas, expertise, and capital. This research article investigates the conceptual foundations, structural components, and mechanisms through which innovation ecosystems and international collaboration co-evolve. Drawing on network theory, institutional perspectives, and the literature on global innovation networks, the paper proposes an integrative framework explaining how collaborative linkages contribute to ecosystem robustness and global competitiveness. Implications for managers and policymakers are discussed, and directions for future research are outlined. The study contributes to the international business and innovation management literature by offering a comprehensive, multi-level understanding of innovation ecosystems within an international collaborative context.
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